There are two primary types of surgical gowns: disposable and reusable. Disposable gowns are typically made from lightweight nonwoven materials such as SMS and are intended for single use to help minimize the risk of infection. Reusable gowns, on the other hand, are produced from woven polyester or cotton blends and can be laundered and sterilized repeatedly. While both types meet required protection standards, they are suited to different purposes. Hospitals often choose disposable gowns for high-risk procedures, whereas reusable gowns are favoured for their sustainability, long-term cost efficiency, and reduced environmental impact.

Properly folding a surgical gown is essential to maintaining its sterility until use. Begin by holding the gown at the shoulders with the inner surface facing toward you. Carefully fold the sleeves inward so they lie flat. Then fold the gown lengthwise, making sure the sterile outer surface is not exposed or contaminated. Once folded, place the gown into sterile packaging or a designated storage area. Using correct folding techniques helps prevent contamination and ensures the gown remains safe and ready for surgical procedures.

Sterile surgical gowns are specifically intended for use in operating rooms, where strict aseptic conditions are essential for patient safety. They are individually packaged and sterilized—commonly through gamma radiation or ethylene oxide—prior to distribution. Non-sterile gowns, by contrast, are used for general medical activities outside of surgery, such as examinations or routine patient care. Although both types offer protection against fluids and microorganisms, only sterile gowns are suitable for surgical procedures that require a fully controlled, sterile environment.

Surgical gowns are generally fluid-resistant, though they are not always completely waterproof. Disposable gowns made from materials such as SMS or polyethylene-coated fabrics offer a high level of liquid protection and help prevent blood penetration. Reusable gowns, in contrast, often rely on water-repellent finishes and require proper laundering and sterilization after each use. For procedures with heavy fluid exposure, reinforced or fully waterproof gowns are recommended. Choosing the appropriate gown depends on the procedure’s risk level, hospital safety policies, and the degree of protection needed during surgery.

Sterile surgical gowns are specifically intended for use in operating rooms, where strict aseptic conditions are essential for patient safety. They are individually packaged and sterilized—commonly through gamma radiation or ethylene oxide—prior to distribution. Non-sterile gowns, by contrast, are used for general medical activities outside of surgery, such as examinations or routine patient care. Although both types offer protection against fluids and microorganisms, only sterile gowns are suitable for surgical procedures that require a fully controlled, sterile environment.

A surgical gown should be used for only one procedure to prevent contamination. Disposable gowns must be discarded immediately after use, while reusable gowns should be properly sterilized before being worn again. Even if a gown appears clean, it may still harbor microorganisms. Although the duration of use can vary depending on factors such as fluid exposure and the length of the surgery, standard guidelines recommend changing gowns after every operation to maintain strict infection control and ensure the safety of both patients and healthcare staff.

To don a disposable surgical gown, start by thoroughly washing your hands and putting on sterile gloves if required. Handle the gown by the inside only, taking care not to touch the sterile outer surface. Slide your arms completely into the sleeves, then have an assistant fasten the gown securely at the neck and waist. This technique helps maintain sterility of the gown’s front. Proper gowning procedures are vital for preventing infection and protecting both healthcare personnel and patients during surgery.

To remove a disposable surgical gown, start by unfastening the waist and neck ties without touching the front of the gown. Carefully pull the gown away from your body, turning it inside out as you remove it to trap any contaminants. Dispose of single-use gowns in designated medical waste containers, and send reusable gowns for appropriate sterilization. Proper gown removal, or doffing, is essential to prevent exposure to fluids or microorganisms and to uphold strict infection control standards.

Nearly all surgical procedures require the use of disposable surgical gowns to maintain infection control, regardless of the procedure’s size or complexity. These gowns act as a barrier against fluids and microorganisms, protecting both patients and healthcare professionals. In some minor outpatient procedures, isolation gowns may be used instead. However, within operating rooms, sterile surgical gowns are mandatory and considered essential protective equipment. Their use ensures compliance with strict medical standards and helps reduce the risk of surgical site infections.